Nyob rau hauv cov roj ua kom zoo, kev ua lag luam roj, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kuab lom thiab cov roj corrosive thiab corrosive ib txwm yog qhov tseem ceeb ib puag ncig thiab kev lag luam ib txwm ua ib puag ncig thiab nyiaj txiag ib txwm muaj. Cov txheej txheem Claus yog tus qauv kub rau kev daws qhov teeb meem no, thiab covClaus sulfur rov qab catalystyog lub plawv ntawm cov txheej txheem, kom ntseeg tau nws cov haujlwm ua tau zoo thiab ruaj khov.
I. Vim li cas cov txiv neej ua yeeb yam thiab catalysts tsim nyog?
Muab cov roj uas muaj roj thiab cov nkev uas muaj cov roj av tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg leej faj, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yog hydrogen sulfide. Yog hais tias tawm ncaj qha, h₂s tuaj yeem tso phom sij rau ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, leej faj nws tus kheej yog cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb xws li sulfuric acid thiab chiv.
Cov Claus cov txheej txheem zoo kawg nkaus hloov chaw pov tseg rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis, hloov pauv mus rau hauv theem pib Sulphur rau kev rov ua dua tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, tus txheej txheem no tsis yog ib tug -} kauj ruam; Nws yuav tsum muaj tus yuam sij catalyst kom ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev thiab cov leej faj rov qab.
Ii. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ua haujlwm ntawm Claus catalyst?
Nyob rau hauv catalytic reactor ntawm ib pawg Claus, cov Catalyst muaj ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb:
Ua kom nrawm ntawm cov kev sib cav tseem ceeb: catalyzing cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ntau tshaj nrog so₂ los tsim cov txiv ntoo uas muaj keeb kwm thiab dej. Qhov no yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev txhim kho cov kab mob sulfur tag nrho.
Hydrolying organic sulphur tebchaw: thaum lub sij hawm siab - kub combusat thiab carbon discucide thiab carbon discride yog tsim los ntawm- cov khoom. Cov tshuaj no yog qhov ruaj khov thiab yog tias tsis kho, tuaj yeem nkag ncaj qha rau cov txheej txheem, coj mus rau kev paug ntau dhau. Catalysts ua tau zoo "hydrolyze" lawv, hloov lawv rov qab rau hauv kev ua kom rov zoo nkauj h₂s.
Yog tsis muaj cov tshuaj tua neeg, cov neeg Sulfur rov qab tus txheej txheem ntawm Claus yuav poob qis dua cov kev cai tswj hwm hauv qab no, ua rau cov khoom muaj kuab paug thiab chaw ua qias tuaj thiab ib puag ncig ib puag ncig.
III. Yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov siab-} Zoo Claus catalyst?
Xaiv txoj cai catalyst yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cog kev ua tau zoo. Cov cim tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas xyuas:
Kev kub siab: ua tau zoo txhawb nqa lub hom phiaj tshuaj lom neeg.
Kev xaiv siab: Ua rau cov khoom lag luam nkaus xwb, cov leej faj, zam kev tsis muaj kev xav tsis zoo.
Cov muaj zog ua tau zoo: Ua kom cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm impurities (hydrocarbons, ammonia, dej vapor, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem roj.
High Txhua yam muaj zog: Tiv thaiv kev coj thiab lub zog, tiv thaiv pulverization thaum ua haujlwm thiab nce lub txaj siab poob.
Thermal ruaj khov: tswj cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub rau lub sijhawm ntev uas tsis muaj sintering lossis tsis ua hauj lwm.
Haum tus qauv Pore loj: Optimized Pore loj faib ua kom haum diffitus ntawm reactants thiab cov khoom lag luam.
Claus sulfur rov qab catalystsmuaj ntau tshaj li tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv; Lawv yog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb txuas ib puag ncig cov pa phem thiab cov peev txheej. Ua tsaug rau txoj kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov catalysicts, kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab cov roj av ua tau zoo ib puag ncig kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig thaum tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
